MIS and Web Technologies
Information systems and decision making: Information system comprises process, people, software. Decision making is deciding among multiple options. Decision support system is an example which is used by top level management. DSS presents data insight within the scope of an application.
Basics of website design, HTML and Content Management System: Website contains basically frontend and backend. It contains a lot of webpages. The purpose of website is for information sharing, business, communication etc. Website can have static or dynamic webpages. The architecture is commonly client-server. There are also microservices architecture in advanced web application. Similarly, server-less architecture is also available. It means you as an administrator doesn’t need to care about physical setup. You just need to focus on application. Content management system is a platform providing user to create, alter, delete content and articles through admin panel. It offers users to manage update the site through minimal effort. HTML is a markup language which is used to display data, text, audio, video, form in web browser or that can be read by machine. It is backbone in website design.
JavaScript, XML, PHP: JavaScript offers dynamics to web page according to the event occurring in the webpages. It is client-side scripting language. The webpage does not need to be submitted when using JavaScript. AJAX is a technology where user communicate with server without reloading the page. It obeys asynchronous communication. XML is machine readable extensive markup language. We can create own tag in XML. It is used to send the data in machine readable format. PHP is server-side scripting language. PHP is used to communicate with database. PHP will return data in HTML format.
Client-server architecture: Mostly user communicate to server which is hosted in data center. The general mechanism is request-response. Single point of failure is a major drawback in this architecture. Most of small-scale application are based on this architecture. SSL/TLS and various CDN approaches are used in these days.
Managing a web server, hosting a website in a server and via cloud service providers: It is necessary to install web server software such as Apache or nginx to support use of Http/Https protocol, similarly database engine such as oracle, MySQL or PostgreSQL is required to installed for storage/retrieval of data. SSL, port are managed in configuration of web server software. Power backup and backup mechanism is also necessary for availability and recovery process. Hosting a website in a server through in-house premises servers or through data center can be done. For this, It is necessary to obtain domain name and hosting space. DNS IP are required in domain name registration portal for proper DNS propagation. If using cloud service from azure, AWS then we can customize the usability and pay as you go. Latency and data protection, legal compliance are major issues that is needed to consider before using cloud service for government records.
Multimedia systems: Not only text is necessary communicate but it is also required to transmit audio, video, image. Those computer systems which supports production, storage, edition, transmission, processing of those media are called multimedia system. There are linear and non-linear multimedia media systems. Linear multimedia are powerpoints, non-linear multimedia are user control such as games playing, website. It is necessary to understand the hardware and software which is used in multimedia systems.
Knowledge Management: In recent days, management is focusing on collection, processing and dissemination of data through use of computer system for innovation, decision-making and efficiency. This approach is called knowledge management. There are two types of knowledge: explicit (documents, manuals) and tacit(know-how, experience). Explicit is clear to communicate however tacit is describing how. For giving example on tacit, to make “roti” it is difficult to describe in words.
Reengineering: For older system or obsolete system, it is required to develop the system as per recent development to support hardware and software compatible of application system. We can use V-and V model to reengineering i.e first studying the existing code to generate the design model and requirements and then updating the new requirement and developing new design and implementation and following other stages of software development which includes testing and maintenance. It is done after stabilizing of the system for few years.
Enterprise resources planning system: ERP is a package of a software application. The whole package of system applications is used in organization is ERP. It is used to manage and automate the core business of an organization. The hospital may use staff details, patient record, investigation report, prescription, salary sheet, over time record, reports. All records are captured in one system. There are in market we can find the ERP system developed by third party and we can purchase them in subscription generally.
Information system security: Security of system in data, process, software, network from disruption of services, damage, unauthorized access to ensure confidentiality, integrity and availability. Network can be secured by use of firewall, VPN. Process can secured through use of exception handling and rigorous testing in development. Data can be secured by encryption or using backup methodology (incremental, differential or full). Software can be secured using access control mechanism, multi-factor authentication etc. About filtering by router does it work on layer 3, layer 4 or layer 7 is important to know because home router typically provide firewall facility on layer 3 or 4. Specialized router such as next generation firewall (NGFW) operate on layer 7.
Software supported demonstrations including advanced spreadsheet topics, software component-based systems (CBSE): Component based system which is tested and proven are in reuse of system packages or component rather than building from scratch. It is developed for general purpose where specific feature can be utilized from interfaces. For example, login management system, payment gateways, file upload/download services etc.